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''Civilization'' is a series of turn-based strategy, 4X video games, many of them produced by Sid Meier (''Sid Meier's Civilization'').There are also several traditional ''Civilization'' games. All titles in the series share similar gameplay, centered on building a civilization on a macro-scale from prehistory up to the near future. Each turn allows the player to move his or her units on the map, build or improve new cities and units, and initiate negotiations with the computer-controlled players. In between turns, computer players can do the same. The player will also choose technologies to research. These reflect the cultural, intellectual, and technical sophistication of the civilization, and usually allow the player to build new units or to improve their cities with new structures. In most games in the series, one may win by military conquest, achieving a certain level of culture, building an interstellar space ship, or achieving the highest score, among other means. Over the years part of the crew involved in the developing the series became successful in producing their own strategy games, such as Bruce Shelley (''Civilization I'' co-designer) of ''Age of Empires'' fame, Brian Reynolds (''Civilization II'' lead designer and programmer) who went on to create ''Rise of Nations'', and more recently Soren Johnson (''Civilization III'' co-designer and ''Civilization IV'' lead designer and programmer) with ''Spore''. As of August 2015, the series has reached 31 million total units shipped. ==History== In 1980, Francis Tresham designed the ''Civilization'' board game and published it through his company Hartland Trefoil, and in 1981, Avalon Hill obtained from Hartland Trefoil a license to sell the ''Civilization'' board game in the United States.〔(The Fall of Avalon Hill )〕 MicroProse, founded by Sid Meier and Bill Stealey, published ''Civilization'' in 1991,〔 after licensing the right to use the name "Civilization" from Avalon Hill to avoid conflicts over similarities to the board game. Meier was also the game's designer.〔 In 1993, MicroProse was bought by Spectrum Holobyte, but the two companies remained separate. In 1996, MicroProse released the lauded ''Civilization II'', designed by Brian Reynolds.〔 Also in 1996 Spectrum Holobyte consolidated the company under the name MicroProse, but, in reaction to Spectrum Holobyte's decision to fire the majority of MicroProse's staff, Reynolds, Jeff Briggs, and Meier left MicroProse and founded Firaxis. Although Firaxis did not own the rights to the brand name "''Civilization''", the company still went on to design the acclaimed ''Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri'', a "space-based ''Civilization''-style game" released in 1999. ''Alpha Centauri'' uses a game engine similar to the one used in ''Civilization II'' and its storyline continues from where the ''Civilization'' franchise ends, namely the colonization of a planet in Alpha Centauri. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Civilization (series)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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